In Kohlberg's theory, behavior guided by obeying laws and social norms to maintain good standing best describes which level?

• A. Pre-conventional morality
• B. Conventional morality
• C. Post-conventional morality
• D. Obeying laws and social norms to maintain good standing

Answer: (D)

Kohlberg's theory identifies conventional morality as the level where people base their moral choices on conforming to social rules and norms to fit in and keep social order. Obeying laws and norms to maintain good standing fits this focus on what is expected by society and what earns social approval. It reflects the drive to act in ways that are seen as right by others and that keep the community functioning smoothly. This is distinct from the earlier, self-focused reasoning that aims to avoid punishment or gain rewards, and from the later level that bases judgment on universal ethical principles that may override specific laws. So, this behavior best matches conventional morality.