Which therapy emphasizes observable behavior and uses rewards and punishments to shape actions?

• A. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• B. Humanistic Therapy
• C. Psychodynamic Therapy
• D. Behavioral Therapy

Answer: (D)

This question tests understanding of therapies that focus on observable actions and reinforcement to shape behavior. Behavioral Therapy centers on what we can directly observe in a person’s actions and uses rewards and punishments to increase desired behaviors and reduce undesired ones, drawing on operant conditioning principles. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy also involves changing behavior, but it combines altering thought patterns and beliefs with behavior change, rather than focusing solely on reinforcement of observable actions. Humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth, self-acceptance, and client-led exploration, not reinforcement or shaping behavior through consequences. Psychodynamic therapy explores unconscious processes and past experiences, rather than conditioning through rewards or punishments. Because Behavioral Therapy specifically targets observable behavior and uses rewarding or punishing outcomes to influence actions, it best fits the scenario.