Which vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and is particularly important during pregnancy?

• A. Folate
• B. Niacin
• C. Thiamine
• D. Riboflavin

Answer: (A)

Folate plays a key role in DNA synthesis by providing one-carbon units needed to make thymidine and purine nucleotides. This is crucial during pregnancy because the developing fetus and placenta undergo rapid cell division, which requires efficient DNA replication. When folate is sufficient, thymidylate formation and nucleotide synthesis proceed smoothly, supporting healthy fetal growth. Conversely, folate deficiency can lead to faulty DNA replication and neural tube defects, especially in early pregnancy, which is why adequate folate intake is emphasized for women planning pregnancy and during pregnancy.

Niacin, thiamine, and riboflavin are important for energy metabolism and cellular function, but they are not the nutrients most directly tied to DNA synthesis and neural tube development.